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. 2011 Sep 13;286(45):38865–38875. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.270413

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1.

TGFβ promoted cell migration in spindle-shaped tumor cells. A, morphology changes induced by TGFβ. Spindle-shaped tumor cells (MDA-MB-231, A549, and CHL-1) became more elongated and scattered after TGFβ treatment. Tumor cells were cultured in growth medium with or without 10 ng/ml TGFβ. The cell morphologies were recorded with phase contrast microscopy using a 10× objective. Scale bar, 50 μm. B, the effects of TGFβ pretreatment on tumor cell migration. TGFβ pretreatment promoted cell migration in spindle-shaped tumor cells, but not in polygon-shaped tumor cells. The data presented are mean ± S.D. of migrated cells per field from three randomly selected 10× fields. C–F, kymograph analysis of membrane protrusion dynamics in control A549 cell (C and D) and TGFβ-pretreated A549 cells (E and F); C and E, individual frames from time-lapse movies (supplemental Movies 1 and 2) used to generate the kymographs (D and F). Descending and ascending contours in the kymographs indicate membrane protrusion and withdrawal events, respectively. Arrowheads in D and F indicate new membrane protrusions. G, the extension of membrane protrusions in control and TGFβ-treated cells.