miR-26a pathway in the initiation of ASMC hypertrophy. Up-regulation of miR-26a in ASMCsDes−/− and reHASMCs, which stably suppress endogenous desmin expression, increases global cellular protein synthesis through inhibition of GSK-3β protein expression. As a result, ASMC hypertrophic marker proteins (α-actin, SM22, and MHC) are up-regulated, which in turn initiates hypertrophy.