Table 4.
HRs and 95% CIs of total and cause-specific mortality according to quintiles of trunk lengtha, the SWHS and SMHS
| Quintiles of trunk length |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD increase | |
| Women | ||||||
| All causes | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 1218 | 807 | 753 | 520 | 326 | |
| Model 1b | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.77–0.92) | 0.90 (0.82–0.98) | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.94 (0.90–0.97) |
| Model 2c | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.93 (0.84–1.04) | 0.95 (0.84–1.09) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 441 | 363 | 391 | 262 | 196 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 1.20 (1.04–1.38) | 1.05 (0.90–1.24) | 1.21 (1.01–1.45) | 1.07 (1.01–1.12) |
| CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 398 | 233 | 199 | 131 | 57 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) | 0.84 (0.71–1.00) | 0.82 (0.67–1.00) | 0.64 (0.48–0.85) | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.72–0.99) | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) | 0.90 (0.73–1.11) | 0.71 (0.54–0.95) | 0.93 (0.87–0.99) |
| Causes other than cancer or CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 379 | 211 | 163 | 127 | 73 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.60–0.84) | 0.63 (0.52–0.76) | 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | 0.64 (0.49–0.84) | 0.83 (0.78–0.89) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.82 (0.66–1.01) | 0.79 (0.60–1.03) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) |
| Men | ||||||
| All causes | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 583 | 412 | 371 | 265 | 229 | |
| Model 1b | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.89 (0.78–1.02) | 0.81 (0.70–0.94) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) |
| Model 2c | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.98 (0.86–1.13) | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 230 | 174 | 163 | 118 | 123 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | 1.29 (1.02–1.63) | 1.03 (0.95–1.13) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.79–1.18) | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 1.00 (0.79–1.25) | 1.44 (1.14–1.83) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) |
| CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 202 | 134 | 132 | 78 | 56 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.67–1.04) | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.84 (0.76–0.93) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 1.07 (0.85–1.34) | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | 0.87 (0.64–1.20) | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) |
| Causes other than cancer or CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 151 | 104 | 76 | 69 | 50 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.64–1.05) | 0.67 (0.50–0.88) | 0.75 (0.56–1.01) | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) | 0.80 (0.71–0.89) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.71–1.18) | 0.79 (0.60–1.05) | 0.96 (0.71–1.29) | 0.92 (0.65–1.30) | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) |
aThe range for each quintile: for women: <82.0, 82.0–83.9, 84.0–85.0, 85.1–87.0 and ≥87.1 cm; for men: <88.0, 88.0–89.0, 90.0–91.0, 91.1–93.0 and ≥93.1 cm. The total follow-up time in each quintile of trunk length was 133 962, 150 649, 172 654, 161 064 and 131 065 person-years, respectively, in women and 51 417, 55 091, 62 397, 56 329 and 52 413 person-years, respectively, in men.
bModel 1: age adjusted only.
cModel 2: multivariate model: adjusted for birth calendar year, age, education, income, occupation, BMI, WHR, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, total physical activity (MET hours/week), daily intake of energy, red meat, fruit and vegetables and menopause status (for women only).