Table 5.
HRs and 95% CIs of total and cause-specific mortality according to quintiles of leg lengtha, the SWHS and SMHS
| Quintiles of leg length |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Increase | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD increase | Per 1-SD increase |
| Women | ||||||
| All causes | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 816 | 737 | 790 | 609 | 672 | |
| Model 1b | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) |
| Model 2c | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 335 | 316 | 370 | 295 | 337 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) | 1.09 (0.94–1.28) | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
| CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 274 | 217 | 208 | 154 | 165 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | 0.83 (0.70–1.00) | 0.79 (0.65–0.96) | 0.78 (0.64–0.95) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.82 (0.67–0.99) | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) | 0.91 (0.86–0.98) |
| Causes other than cancer or CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 207 | 204 | 212 | 160 | 170 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.87–1.28) | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | 1.03 (0.83–1.26) | 0.93 (0.76–1.15) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) |
| Men | ||||||
| All causes | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 392 | 466 | 420 | 329 | 253 | |
| Model 1b | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.93–1.22) | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 1.04 (0.89–1.27) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Model 2c | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 146 | 207 | 176 | 155 | 124 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.26 (1.02–1.55) | 1.26 (1.01–1.57) | 1.41 (1.12–1.77) | 1.32 (1.04–1.68) | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.01–1.55) | 1.26 (1.01–1.57) | 1.40 (1.11–1.76) | 1.32 (1.04–1.69) | 1.10 (1.03–1.16) |
| CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 139 | 148 | 141 | 97 | 77 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 1.12 (0.89–1.42) | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | 0.97 (0.73–1.28) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.79–1.26) | 1.17 (0.92–1.48) | 1.00 (0.77–1.31) | 1.00 (0.75–1.33) | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) |
| Causes other than cancer or CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths | 107 | 111 | 103 | 77 | 52 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.70–1.19) | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) | 0.74 (0.53–1.04) | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) | 1.01 (0.77–1.33) | 0.90 (0.67–1.22) | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) |
aThe range for each quintile: for women: <70.0, 70.0–71.9, 72.0–73.9, 74.0–75.9 and ≥76.0 cm; for men: <76.0, 76.0–78.4, 78.5–80.0, 80.1–82.5 and ≥82.6 cm. The total follow-up time in each quintile of leg length was 129 724, 135 219, 155 764, 141 460 and 189 298 person-years, respectively, in women, and 46 738, 63 667, 60 807, 53 728 and 52 706 person-years, respectively, in men.
bModel 1: age adjusted only.
cModel 2: multivariate model: adjusted for birth calendar year, age, education, income, occupation, BMI, WHR, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, total physical activity (MET hours/week), daily intake of energy, red meat, fruit and vegetables and menopause status (for women only).