Table 1. Summary of mixed-effects model analyses of total iridoid glycoside, aucubin and catalpol concentrations.

	Total IG concentration			Aucubin concentration			Catalpol concentration
	L ratio	p value		L ratio	p value		L ratio	p value
Species number (SR)	0.16	0.688		5.61	0.018	↓	8.06	0.005	↑
Functional group number (FG)	6.00	0.014	↓	3.44	0.064		4.87	0.027	↑
Legume presence (LEG)	0.03	0.865		0.38	0.535		1.92	0.166
Grass presence (GR)	0.01	0.906		1.23	0.268		2.55	0.110
Life stage	10.65	0.001	R	0.28	0.597		20.49	<0.001	R
SR × Life stage	8.55	0.003		2.41	0.120		9.54	0.002
FG × Life stage	1.60	0.206		0.32	0.574		2.02	0.156
LEG × Life stage	5.50	0.019		5.31	0.021		2.08	0.150
GR × Life stage	3.81	0.051		5.79	0.016		0.55	0.457
Leaf age	111.81	<0.001	Y	10.94	0.001	Y	133.66	<0.001	Y
Leaf age × Life stage	4.43	0.035		12.54	<0.001		0.11	0.736

Models were fitted by stepwise inclusion of terms. Listed are the results of likelihood ratio tests that were applied to assess model improvement ( = L ratio) and the statistical significance of the explanatory terms ( = p values). Note that contrasts for the presence/absence of legumes and grasses were entered separately in a series of analyses. Arrows indicate a significant increase (↑) or decrease (↓) of variables in relation to the experimental factors of the biodiversity experiment, R indicates higher values in reproductive shoots, and Y indicates higher values in the younger leaf cohort.