. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Aug 5;18(7):1214–1220. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21849

Table II.

Comparison of serum tryptophan and kynurenine levels in normal and disease states^*

Patient Population	Tryptophan [μmol/L] (fold difference from healthy controls)	Kynurenine [μmol/L] (fold difference from healthy controls)	K/T ratio [×1000] (fold difference from healthy controls)
Healthy Controls¹⁷	73 ± 14.9	1.92 ± 0.58	26.9 ± 8.1

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus¹³	53.9 ± 8.2 *(0.77X)*	2.45 ± 0.7 *(1.36X)*	43 ± 15 *(1.59X)*

Rheumatoid Arthritis¹¹	58 ± 19.3 *(0.79X)*	2.2 ±.82 *(1.14X)*	37.9 *(1.41X)*

Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome³³	75 ± 8 *(0.94X)*	2.41 ± 0.7 *(1.29X)*	34 ± 9 *(1.41X)*

Celiac Disease¹⁸	35.8 ± 1.3 *(0.73X)*	4.2 ± 0.27 *(1.62X)*	115 ± 10.1 *(1.77X)*

Septic Shock²⁶
*Deceased*	46.5 (38–59)	8.76 (5.1–12.26)	193.7 (124–253)
*Survivors*	51.1 (38–64)	4.27 (2.9–6.7)	82.4 (51–138)

Severe/Fulminant Crohn’s	12.7 ± 2.0 *(0.37X)*	1.34 ± 0.26 *(1.13X)*	117.4 ± 19.1 *(3.33X)*

The comparison was generated from published literature as cited. The fold difference from healthy controls (bold) was relative to levels to the control populations from the same report. No control population was reported for the study on septic shock so a fold difference is not listed. Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation for all studies except references 18 and 26 (SEM and median quartiles, respectively).