Caspase-3 (A), caspase-8 (B), and caspase-9 (C) activity was determined for AS and AI samples treated with VD3 before freezing. Samples were frozen and cell lysates were collected 24 h after freezing. Compared with freezing alone, VD3-treated AS exhibited slightly higher (P < 0.05) levels of caspase-3 (A) and caspase-9 (C) activity that peaked 3 h after freezing. Caspase-8 (B) activity was not significantly different from freeze alone. Interestingly, VD3 treated AI samples exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) greater levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity (compared with frozen alone samples) that peaked after 3--6 h, while caspase-8 activity was not statistically different from that in frozen alone samples. The data indicated that VD3 treatment induced greater cell death responses in AI cells that primarily resulted in increased caspase-9 (and thus caspase-3) activity.