Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics.
| Risperidone N = 20 | Olanzapine N = 26 | Quetiapine N = 9 | Ziprasidone N = 13 | Aripiprazole N = 1 | Unmedicated N = 3 | Total N = 72 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age (years) | 31.9 (13.4) | 30.0 (8.8) | 39.2 (12.7) | 36.0 (16.6) | 33.0 | 29.7 (4.7) | 32.8 (12.3) |
| PANSS positive score | 13.8 (3.6) | 13.3 (4.4) | 11.3 (3.9) | 12.2 (3.7) | 9.0 | 16.0 (6.1) | 13.0 (4.1) |
| PANSS negative score | 17.6 (6.7) | 15.2 (6.6) | 12.6 (5.3) | 15.2 (5.9) | 24.0 | 17.7 (7.6) | 15.8 (6.5) |
| PANSS general score | 28.2 (6.4) | 24.7 (5.8) | 23.7 (5.0) | 25.2 (4.1) | 32.0 | 28.0 (5.3) | 25.9 (5.7) |
| PANSS total score | 59.5 (13.5) | 53.2 (13.2) | 47.6 (12.5) | 52.6 (10.4) | 65.0 | 61.7 (18.8) | 54.7 (13.2) |
| CDSS score | 6.9 (4.8) | 2.8 (3.4) | 3.9 (3.9) | 3.6 (3.7) | 1.0 | 3.5 (2.1) | 4.2 (4.2)* |
| GAF-F score | 38.9 (8.7) | 39.3 (7.9) | 38.0 (5.5) | 39.9 (7.7) | 44.0 | 35.7 (4.0) | 39.0 (7.6) |
| CGI-S score | 4.0 (0.9) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.1) | 4.0 | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.63 (1.0) |
| Neurocogn. t-score | 41.7 (8.0) | 39.8 (7.7) | 42.8 (5.8) | 40.3 (8.3) | 47.8 | 38.4 (-) | 41.0 (7.5) |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Ethnicity-whites | 17 (85.0) | 22 (84.6) | 7 (77.8) | 13 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | 3 (100.0) | 63 (87.5) |
| Drug naive | 7 (35.0) | 14 (53.8) | 5 (55.6) | 7 (53.8) | 0 | 0 | 33 (45.8) |
| Illicit drug abuse1 | 5 (25.0) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | 2 (66.7) | 14 (19.4) |
| Alcohol abuse1 | 2 (11.1) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (7.7) | 0 | 0 | 6 (8.3) |
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| Diagnoses | |||||||
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| Drug-induced psychosis | 3 (15.0) | 2 (7.7) | 0 | 1 (7.7) | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 7 (9.7) |
| Schizophrenia | 10 (50.0) | 16 (61.5) | 5 (55.6) | 7 (53.8) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (33.3) | 40 (55.6) |
| Acute | 1 (5.0) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 6 (8.3) |
| Affective | 4 (20.0) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (11.1) | 3 (23.1) | 0 | 0 | 11 (15.3) |
| Psychosis unspec. | 0 | 2 (7.7) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (4.2) |
| Other/missing | 2 (10.0) | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 2 (15.4) | 0 | 0 | 5 (6.9) |
Notes: N = number of patients; SD = standard deviation (omitted in the aripiprazole group as only one patient); antipsychotic drug naïve = no life-time exposure to antipsychotic drugs before study inclusion; Schizophrenia = schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder, acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrenia, acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder, delusional disorder; Acute = acute psychosis other than those categorized under Schizophrenia; Affective = affective psychosis; Psychosis unspecified = miscellaneous psychotic disorders. All diagnoses are according to ICD-10; PANSS = the positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; CDSS = the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; GAF-F = the Global Assessment of Functioning, split version, Functions scale; CGI = the Clinical Global Impression, severity of illness scale; Neurocogn. = sum t-score of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. 1Last 6 months; *P < 0.05.