Table 3.

Risk stratification in adult ALL (adapted from [36] and [37]).

Parameter	Favourable	Unfavourable
Age (years)	18–35	>35
WBC count	<30 × 109/L	>30 × 109/L (B-cell) >100 × 109/L (T-cell)
Immunophenotype	Thymic	Pro-T, Mature T Pro-B CD20 expression
Cytogenetic/molecular data	del(9p) High hyperdiploidy	t(9;22)/BCR-ABL t(4;11)/MLL-AF4 Low hypodiploidy Complex karyotype High BAALC expression Aberrations of IKZF1 gene
Time to CR	Early	Late (>3-4 weeks)
MRD after induction therapy	Negative (<10−4)	Positive (>10−4)

WBC: white blood count; CR: complete remission; MRD: minimal residual disease; BAALC: brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic gene; IKZF1: IKAROS family zinc finger 1 gene.