Table 2.
Risks for childhood asthma in relation to gestational medication use.
| Controls | Ever asthma | Early-onset asthma† | Late-onset asthma‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational medication category | N (%)§ | N § | OR | 95%CI | N § | OR | 95%CI | N § | OR | 95%CI |
| Any medication tablet¶ | ||||||||||
| No | 350(90.7) | 137 | 1.00 | 71 | 1.00 | 66 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 36(9.3) | 56 | 3.73 | (2.2,6.33)** | 20 | 3.64 | (1.54,8.64)* | 36 | 3.90 | (1.96,7.75)** |
| Exposure time | ||||||||||
| 2,3 trimester | 19(4.9) | 20 | 1.80 | (0.86,3.79) | 7 | 3.37 | (0.83, 13.63) | 13 | 1.46 | (0.58, 3.70) |
| 1st trimester | 17(4.4) | 33 | 6.03 | (2.91,12.5)** | 12 | 3.32 | (1.17, 9.43) | 21 | 10.20 | (3.34, 31.17)** |
| Exposure duration | ||||||||||
| 0–6 days | 28(7.3) | 43 | 3.46 | (1.94,6.17)** | 15 | 3.41 | (1.31, 8.83)* | 28 | 3.55 | (1.69, 7.45)** |
| ≧1 week | 8(2.1) | 13 | 4.86 | (1.77, 13.37)* | 5 | 4.57 | (0.89, 23.56) | 8 | 5.70 | (1.43, 22.77)* |
| P for trend | <0.001 | 0.004 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Medications for common cold | ||||||||||
| No | 351(93.6) | 146 | 1.00 | 75 | 1.00 | 71 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 24(6.4) | 41 | 4.35 | (2.28,8.3)** | 13 | 5.31 | (1.63,17.3)* | 28 | 4.05 | (1.85,8.87)** |
| Exposure time | ||||||||||
| 2,3 trimester | 15(4.0) | 17 | 2.19 | (0.97,4.94) | 6 | 4.76 | (0.88, 25.90) | 11 | 1.82 | (0.67, 4.92) |
| 1st trimester | 9(2.4) | 21 | 8.67 | (3.10,24.23)** | 6 | 4.49 | (0.82, 24.48) | 15 | 10.20 | (2.78, 37.50)** |
| Exposure duration | ||||||||||
| 0–3 days | 16(4.3) | 23 | 3.19 | (1.50, 6.79)* | 8 | 4.50 | (1.19,16.97)* | 15 | 2.77 | (1.08, 7.14)* |
| ≧4 days | 8(2.1) | 18 | 7.83 | (2.70,22.72)** | 5 | 8.84 | (0.83, 93.83) | 13 | 7.17 | (2.16, 23.75)* |
| P for trend | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Herbal medication | ||||||||||
| No | 361(93.5) | 171 | 1.00 | 80 | 1.00 | 91 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 25 (6.5) | 22 | 1.59 | (0.83,3.05) | 11 | 3.63 | (1.23,10.7)* | 11 | 1.07 | (0.44,2.61) |
| Exposure time | ||||||||||
| 2,3 trimester | 8 (2.3) | 8 | 1.41 | (0.48, 4.09) | 6 | 5.17 | (0.89, 31.18) | 2 | 0.53 | (0.09, 2.95) |
| 1st trimester | 15 (4.2) | 14 | 1.94 | (0.85, 4.41) | 5 | 2.99 | (0.71, 12.54) | 9 | 1.59 | (0.57, 4.45) |
| Exposure duration | ||||||||||
| <6 days | 10 (2.7) | 11 | 1.63 | (0.63, 4.23) | 7 | 6.83 | (1.22, 38.13) | 4 | 0.65 | (0.17, 2.50) |
| ≧1 week | 14 (3.8) | 11 | 1.77 | (0.73, 4.28) | 4 | 2.33 | (0.58, 9.42) | 7 | 1.96 | (0.58, 6.59) |
| P for trend | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.46 | |||||||
| Exposure frequency | ||||||||||
| <3 times/week | 19 (5.1) | 11 | 0.82 | (0.35,1.94) | 6 | 2.85 | (0.68, 12.02) | 5 | 0.41 | (0.12, 1.41) |
| ≧4 times/week | 5 (1.4) | 10 | 6.64 | (1.89,23.32)* | 4 | 4.71 | (0.88,25.37) | 6 | 16.70 | (1.71, 162.76) |
| P for trend | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.14 | |||||||
Models are adjusted for parental education, mother's age at birth of her child, parental history of asthma, parental history of atopy, and in utero maternal smoking.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.001.
§Number of subjects does not add up to total n because of missing data.
†Early onset: asthma diagnosed ≦3 yr of age.
‡Late onset: asthma diagnosed >3 yr of age.
¶Any medication: including any medication tablet that physicians prescribed.