Table 3.
Between-population genetic differentiation in Circus pygargus.
| SpW | SpC | SpE | SpNW | PACA | PLO | PCH | CHAR | AQPY | NED | GER | CZE | KZ | SEN | PAK | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SpW | -- | * | * | * | * | * | *** | ||||||||
| SpC | 0.0115 | -- | * | ||||||||||||
| SpE | 0.0346 | 0.0066 | -- | * | ** | * | *** | * | ** | * | *** | ||||
| SpNW | 0.0022 | -0.0098 | 0.0157 | -- | * | * | |||||||||
| PACA | 0.0353 | 0.0144 | 0.0386 | -0.0056 | -- | * | |||||||||
| PLO | 0.2161 | 0.1091 | 0.1646 | 0.1312 | 0.0897 | -- | * | * | |||||||
| PCH | 0.0156 | -0.0050 | 0.0395 | -0.0009 | 0.0137 | 0.0667 | -- | *** | |||||||
| CHAR | 0.0314 | 0.0079 | 0.0491 | 0.0280 | 0.0268 | 0.0781 | 0.0148 | -- | * | ** | |||||
| AQPY | 0.0233 | 0.0330 | 0.0387 | 0.0305 | 0.0132 | 0.1028 | 0.0236 | -0.0270 | -- | * | *** | ||||
| NED | 0.0436 | -0.0051 | 0.0657 | 0.0181 | 0.0143 | 0.0648 | -0.0049 | 0.0279 | 0.0537 | -- | |||||
| GER | -0.0680 | -0.0239 | -0.0470 | -0.0816 | -0.0629 | 0.1068 | -0.0453 | -0.0308 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | -- | ||||
| CZE | 0.1290 | 0.0445 | 0.1278 | 0.0546 | 0.0286 | 0.0786 | 0.0209 | 0.0891 | 0.1350 | -0.0183 | 0.0787 | -- | |||
| KZ | 0.0386 | 0.0131 | 0.0559 | -0.0030 | -0.0077 | 0.1209 | 0.0051 | 0.0518 | 0.0651 | 0.0018 | -0.0399 | -0.0037 | -- | * | |
| SEN | -0.0030 | -0.0044 | 0.0195 | -0.0177 | 0.0109 | 0.1596 | -0.0182 | 0.0052 | 0.0635 | 0.0035 | 0.0585 | 0.0656 | 0.0087 | -- | * |
| PAK | 0.3241 | 0.1891 | 0.2781 | 0.2068 | 0.1541 | 0.1246 | 0.1928 | 0.2415 | 0.2503 | 0.0660 | 0.1826 | 0.0370 | 0.1451 | 0.2240 | -- |
Below the diagonal, pairwise ΦST values (based on Tamura and Nei distances between haplotypes; gamma = 0.248). Above the diagonal, p-values for significant ΦST values obtained after 5000 permutations (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).