Table 2.
Results of case-crossover analyses of associations between selected factors and incident bacterial vaginosis among HIV-infected U.S. women, HERS, 1993–2000*.
| Control visits | Case visits | Bivariable model | Multivariable model† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | No. | OR | (95% CI) | aOR | (95% CI) | |
| Time-dependent factors | ||||||
| CD4+ group (cells/μL) | ||||||
| 0–199 | 257 | 112 | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.3) | ||
| 200–499 | 544 | 228 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | ||
| ≥500 | 249 | 128 | Referent | |||
| Trichomoniasis at preceding visit | ||||||
| Positive | 100 | 74 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.9) | ||
| Negative | 967 | 400 | Referent | |||
| Vaginal Candidal culture at preceding visit | ||||||
| Positive | 371 | 181 | 1.1 | (0.9, 1.5) | ||
| Negative | 695 | 290 | Referent | |||
| Human papillomavirus at preceding visit | ||||||
| Positive | 668 | 326 | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.2) | ||
| Negative | 392 | 143 | Referent | |||
| Spermatozoa detected on Gram stain | ||||||
| Yes | 70 | 48 | 1.5 | (1.0, 2.3) | 1.6 | (1.1, 2.5) |
| No | 998 | 427 | Referent | Referent | ||
| Sexual behavior during previous 6 months‡ | ||||||
| Frequent coitus, inconsistent condom use | 151 | 92 | 1.9 | (1.2, 3.1) | ||
| Frequent coitus, consistent condom use | 177 | 113 | 1.7 | (1.1, 2.8) | ||
| Infrequent coitus, inconsistent condom use | 118 | 46 | 1.2 | (0.7, 2.0) | ||
| Infrequent coitus, consistent condom use | 225 | 96 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.8) | ||
| Not sexually active | 388 | 127 | Referent | |||
| Female sex partner during previous 6 months | ||||||
| Yes | 51 | 20 | 1.5 | (0.6, 3.9) | ||
| No | 1010 | 453 | Referent | |||
| Douching within 48 hours | ||||||
| Yes | 38 | 19 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.3) | ||
| No | 1025 | 454 | Referent | |||
| Current hormonal contraception use | ||||||
| Yes | 30 | 23 | 2.4 | (0.9, 6.7) | ||
| No | 1037 | 452 | Referent | |||
| Current injection drug use | ||||||
| Yes | 159 | 97 | 2.1 | (1.2, 3.5) | 1.9 | (1.1, 3.3) |
| No | 907 | 378 | Referent | Referent | ||
| Crack use during previous 6 months | ||||||
| Yes | 107 | 81 | 1.8 | (1.1, 2.9) | 1.6 | (1.0, 2.7) |
| No | 959 | 394 | Referent | Referent | ||
| Cigarette use during previous 6 months | ||||||
| Yes | 758 | 364 | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.7) | ||
| No | 308 | 111 | Referent | |||
*Findings from conditional logistic regression model based on 475 case visits (i.e., visits with incident bacterial vaginosis) and 1068 control visits (i.e., visits without incident bacterial vaginosis) completed by 332 women with at least one case and one control visit.
†Adjusted for all variables in column.
‡Frequent coitus defined as ≥4 times per month and infrequent coitus defined as <4 times per month.