Table 2.
Reported Adherence by Subgroup
| Characteristic | Subgroup | N | Summary estimate (95%CI) | I2 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease | Diabetes | 17 | 0.74 (0.66 to 0.76) | 0.94 (0.86 to 0.93) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 9 | 0.59 (0.28 to 0.86) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.97) | |
| CHF | 3 | 0.48 (0.09 to 0.89) | 0.68 (0.11 to 0.91) | |
| Hypertension | 49 | 0.55 (0.49 to 0.61) | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.93) | |
| Adherence Measure | Count | 16 | 0.62 (0.5 to 0.74) | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.89) |
| Self report | 48 | 0.55 (0.48 to 0.62) | 0.93 (0.92 to 0.94) | |
| Other | 14 | 0.63 (0.51 to 0.74) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.97) | |
| Geographic Region | Africa | 34 | 0.58 (0.48 to 0.68) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) |
| Asia | 26 | 0.54 (0.46 to 0.61) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.93) | |
| Central & South America | 11 | 0.61 (0.36 to 0.83) | 0.87 (0.73 to 0.93) | |
| Eastern Europe, Soviet Union | 7 | 0.57 (0.46 to 0.67) | 0.63 (0.15 to 0.84) | |
| Study Design | Observational | 73 | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.64) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) |
| Randomized controlled trial | 5 | 0.43 (0.25 to 0.61) | 0.67 (0.15 to 0.88) | |
| Proportion of male patients | > median | 34 | 0.64 (0.64 to 0.64) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) |
| < median | 34 | 0.63 (0.64 to 0.64) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) | |
| Age | > median | 29 | 0.61 (0.53 to 0.69) | 0.9 (0.87 to 0.92) |
| < median | 27 | 0.58 (0.48 to 0.69) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.94) | |
| Journal Impact Factor | > median | 28 | 0.53 (0.43 to 0.62) | 0.9 (0.87 to 0.93) |
| < median | 13 | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.7) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.97) | |
| Unknown | 37 | 0.62 (0.56 to 0.69) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) | |
| Proportion of patients receiving study medication for free | 1-49% | 4 | 0.31 (0.02 to 0.74) | 0.81 (0.49 to 0.93) |
| 50-99% | 3 | 0.52 (0.26 to 0.78) | 0.51 (0.69 to 0.86) | |
| Unknown | 54 | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.65) | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.94) | |
| Proportion of patients taking medications more than twice daily | <50% | 4 | 0.56 (0.32 to 0.78) | 0.84 (0.59 to 0.94) |
| >50% | 4 | 0.71 (0.38 to 0.95) | 0.85 (0.62 to 0.94) | |
| Unknown | 70 | 0.57 (0.51 to 0.62) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) | |
| Proportion of patients taking 2 or more medications | <50% | 14 | 0.66 (0.57 to 0.76) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.97) |
| >50% | 13 | 0.54 (0.43 to 0.65) | 0.75 (0.56 to 0.85) | |
| Unknown | 51 | 0.55 (0.48 to 0.62) | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.95) | |
| Clinical setting | Primary care | 14 | 0.52 (0.38 to 0.66) | 0.9 (0.85 to 0.93) |
| Secondary or tertiary care | 43 | 0.59 (0.51 to 0.67) | 0.93 (0.92 to 0.94) | |
| Primary, secondary or tertiary care | 2 | 0.59 (0 to 1) | 0.8 (0.12 to 0.95) | |
| Unknown | 18 | 0.58 (0.49 to 0.67) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.97) | |
| Patients taking medications for the first time (i.e. new users) | Yes | 11 | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.67) | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.88) |
| No | 19 | 0.59 (0.47 to 0.7) | 0.9 (0.86 to 0.93) | |
| Unknown | 48 | 0.59 (0.55 to 0.65) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) | |
| Drugs being used for primary prevention | Yes | 29 | 0.53 (0.44 to 0.62) | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.91) |
| No | 4 | 0.58 (0.05 to 1) | 0.9 (0.76 to 0.95) | |
| Unknown | 45 | 0.6 (0.54 to 0.67) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) | |
| Length of study follow-up | >6 months | 26 | 0.54 (0.45 to 0.63) | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.92) |
| < 6 months | 30 | 0.61 (0.51 to 0.71) | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.96) | |
| Unknown | 21 | 0.57 (0.48 to 0.66) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) | |
| Overall | 76 | 0.58 (0.52 to 0.63) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) |