Table 2.

Characteristics of Injured Patients Transported by EMS in the 7 Study Regions

	Total sample		Triage positive		Triage negative
	n = 122,345		n = 42,207 34.5		n = 80,138 65.5
Demographics:	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age, mean, y	46.6		42.5		48.8
< 18	14,876	12.2	5,357	12.7	9,518	11.9
18 – 54	62,435	51.0	24,474	58.0	37,961	47.4
≥ 55	45,035	36.8	12,376	29.3	32,659	40.8
Women	58,178	47.6	16,034	38.0	42,143	52.6
Out-of-hospital physiology and procedures:
SBP in mmHg, mean	135.2		132.2		136.7
SBP < 90 mmHg	3,825	3.1	2,194	5.2	1,632	2.0
GCS, mean	14.4		13.9		14.6
GCS ≤ 8	3,363	2.7	2,329	5.5	1,034	1.3
Respiratory rate in breaths/min, mean	18.7		19.0		18.5
Intubation attempt	1,531	1.3	1,387	3.3	144	0.2
Intravenous line placement	50,065	40.9	26,172	62.0	23,893	29.8
Mechanism of injury
Gunshot wound	1,300	1.1	1,084	2.6	215	0.3
Stabbing	2,441	2.0	1,654	3.9	787	1.0
Assault	7,467	6.1	2,196	5.2	5,271	6.6
Fall	44,834	36.6	11,264	26.7	33,570	41.9
Motor vehicle crash	41,043	33.5	16,231	38.5	24,812	31.0
Other	25,260	20.6	9,778	23.2	15,483	19.3
Hospital measures
Interhospital transfer	7,759	6.3	3,622	8.6	4,137	5.2
Initial transport to Level I/II	46,839	38.3	25,288	59.9	21,551	26.9
Final destination Level I/II	59,795	48.9	33,201	78.7	26,593	33.2
Outcomes measures
ISS, mean	4.3		7.3		2.7
ISS >= 16	7,100	5.8	6,091	14.4	1,009	1.3
Maximum AIS, mean	1.2		1.7		1.0
AIS >=3	20,782	17.0	12,854	30.5	7,927	9.9
Non-orthopaedic surgery	5,632	4.6	3,667	8.7	1,965	2.5
Orthopaedic surgery	19,194	15.7	7,987	18.9	11,207	14.0
In-hospital mortality	2,068	1.7	1,292	3.1	776	1.0

EMS, emergency medical services; SBP, systolic blood pressure; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale score; major non-orthopaedic surgery, brain, spine, neck, thorax, abdomen, interventional radiology or vascular operative procedures during hospitalization.