Table 3.
Personal history of infections and risk of MM and MGUS
| Category or condition | MM |
MGUS |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MM patients (n = 19 112) | Controls (n = 75 408) | OR* (95% CI) [P] | MGUS patients (n = 5403) | Controls (n = 21 209) | OR* (95% CI) [P] | |
| Total infections† | 1381 | 4530 | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 815 | 2126 | 1.6 (1.5-1.7) |
| Pneumonia | 568 | 1509 | 1.5 (1.4-1.7) | 266 | 671 | 1.6 (1.4-1.8) |
| Tuberculosis | 60 | 267 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 18 | 90 | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) |
| Intestinal infection | 173 | 668 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 154 | 368 | 1.7 (1.4-2.0) |
| Rickettsiosis | 1 | 3 | 1.3 (0.1-12.6) | 2 | 2 | 4.0 (0.6-27.2) |
| Syphilis | 4 | 12 | 1.3 (0.4-4.1) | 0 | 3 | 0 [1.00] |
| Gonorrhea | 5 | 21 | 0.9 (0.4-2.5) | 8 | 12 | 2.7 (1.1-6.5) |
| Chlamydia | 1 | 0 | ∞ [0.20] | 0 | 0 | |
| Septicemia | 89 | 238 | 1.5 (1.2-1.9) | 51 | 116 | 1.7 (1.2-2.4) |
| Herpes simplex | 11 | 40 | 1.1 (0.6-2.1) | 7 | 17 | 1.6 (0.7-3.9) |
| Herpes zoster | 62 | 179 | 1.4 (1.02-1.8) | 29 | 71 | 1.6 (1.03-2.5) |
| Viral hepatitis A | 0 | 6 | 0 [.61] | 0 | 5 | 0 [.59] |
| Viral hepatitis B | 1 | 4 | 1.0 (0.1-8.9) | 0 | 2 | 0 [1.00] |
| Viral hepatitis C | 5 | 10 | 2.0 (0.7-5.8) | 2 | 5 | 1.6 (0.3-8.2) |
| Infectious mononucleosis | 7 | 10 | 2.8 (1.1-7.4) | 3 | 9 | 1.3 (0.4-4.9) |
| Pyelonephritis | 104 | 353 | 1.2 (0.9-1.4) | 81 | 168 | 1.9 (1.5-2.5) |
| Cystitis | 131 | 575 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 90 | 246 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) |
| Sinusitis | 53 | 142 | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | 37 | 90 | 1.6 (1.1-2.4) |
| Otitis media | 71 | 260 | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 43 | 137 | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) |
| Rhinitis | 9 | 40 | 0.9 (0.4-1.8) | 14 | 28 | 2.0 (1.1-3.8) |
| Nasopharyngitis/laryngitis | 44 | 151 | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 25 | 82 | 1.2 (0.8-1.9) |
| Influenza | 62 | 188 | 1.3 (0.97-1.7) | 37 | 96 | 1.5 (1.03-2.2) |
| Encephalitis | 9 | 37 | 1.0 (0.5-2.0) | 4 | 21 | 0.8 (0.3-2.2) |
| Malaria | 0 | 8 | 0 [.37] | 2 | 2 | 4.0 (0.6-28.2) |
| Meningitis | 21 | 45 | 1.8 (1.1-3.1) | 15 | 29 | 2.1 (1.1-3.8) |
| Lyme disease | 14 | 55 | 1.0 (0.6-1.8) | 22 | 27 | 3.2 (1.8-5.7) |
| Pericarditis | 21 | 82 | 1.0 (0.6-1.6) | 19 | 39 | 1.9 (1.1-3.3) |
| Myocarditis | 14 | 21 | 2.1 (1.1-3.9) | 13 | 26 | 2.0 (1.02-3.9) |
| Endocarditis | 37 | 139 | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | 25 | 52 | 1.9 (1.2-3.0) |
| Osteomyelitis | 17 | 93 | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) | 15 | 40 | 1.5 (0.8-2.7) |
| Cytomegalovirus | 4 | 4 | 3.9 (0.98-15.7) | 3 | 5 | 2.4 (0.6-10.0) |
| Epstein-Barr virus | 0 | 1 | 0 [1.00] | 0 | 1 | 0 [1.00] |
| Helicobacter pylori | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| HIV | 1 | 0 | ∞ [.20] | 0 | 1 | 0 [1.00] |
| Gingivitis or periodontitis | 1 | 17 | 0.2 (0.0-1.7) | 5 | 10 | 2.0 (0.7-5.8) |
| Tonsillitis | 23 | 84 | 1.1 (0.7-1.7) | 9 | 50 | 0.7 (0.4-1.5) |
| Empyema | 4 | 26 | 0.6 (0.2-1.7) | 10 | 11 | 3.6 (1.5-8.4) |
| Erysipelas (cellulitis) | 149 | 530 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 107 | 229 | 1.8 (1.5-2.3) |
| Fasciitis | 6 | 16 | 1.5 (0.6-3.8) | 1 | 6 | 1.7 (0.1-5.4) |
*
When no case patient or control subject has the specific condition, P values (2-sided) based on Fisher exact test are given.
†
Overall category totals more than the sum of the individual categories because some of the patients have > 1 autoimmune disease.