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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Future Oncol. 2011 Nov;7(11):1335–1346. doi: 10.2217/fon.11.111

Figure 2. Molecular mechanism of the DNA damage response.

Figure 2

DNA damage triggers chromatin remodeling and recruitment of the MRN complex. In turn, the MRN complex recruits and activates the ATM homodimer to phosphorylate His proteins. The phosphorylated His bind MDC1, which serve as a platform for proteins required for His Ub (UBC13, RNF8, RNF168 and HERC2). Finally, the ubiquitinated His recruits the proteins required for DNA repair (BRCA1 and BRCA2) through interaction with RAP80.

His: Histone; MRN complex: Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1; P: Phosphorylation; Ub: Ubiquitination.