Table 1.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer incidence: nested case-control studies in cohorts
| Cohort | Lead author | Cohort (n) | Case patients (n) | Control subjects (n) | P trend a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort | McCullough | 21,965 | 516 | 516 | 0.60 |
| Malmo Diet and Cancer Study | Almquist | 53,000 | 764 | 764 | NS |
| Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial | Freedman | 38,660 | 1,005 | 1,005 | 0.81 |
| Women's Health Initiative | Chlebowski | 32,826 | 895 | 898 | 0.20 |
| Nurses' Health Study | Bertone-Johnson | 32,826 | 701 | 724 | 0.06 |
| French E3N Cohort | Engel | 17,391 | 636 | 1,272 | 0.02b |
aPtrend for analyses comparing breast cancer incidence in low versus high 25-hydroxyvitamin D groups. bFindings driven by results in women <53 years old at sampling.