a, b, CX3CR1−/− mice show decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in a gene-dose-dependent manner. Unbiased stereology revealed a significant decrease in the number of DCX+ cells in the SGZ of adult male CX3CR1−/− and CX3CR1+/− mice compared to wild-type mice (p < 0.0001). a, CX3CR1−/− mice were also significantly different from CX3CR1+/− mice (p < 0.001). Quantification of the number of cells that were proliferating during the preceding 24 h, as determined by the incorporation of BrdU, showed significantly fewer in the CX3CR1−/− and CX3CR1+/− mice compared to wild-types (p < 0.0001). b, CX3CR1−/− mice were also significantly different from CX3CR1+/− mice (p < 0.05). White bars, WT; gray bars, CX3CR1+/− mice; black bars, CX3CR1−/−. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. ***p < 0.0001; **p < 0.001; *p < 0.05.