Table 4.
Predictors of women not attending ANC or EPI in Mali (n = 1083), adjusted for clustering.
| Variable | Attended neither % (n) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Wald | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Wald |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-value | p-value | ||||
| Region | < 0.0001 | 0.0002 | |||
| Western | 14.6 (298) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Central | 11.5 (265) | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) | 0.7 (0.5-1.2) | ||
| Eastern | 20.6 (184) | 1.5 (0.8-2.7) | 1.4 (0.7-2.8) | ||
| Northern | 30.4 (174) | 2.5 (1.5-4.4) | 2.0 (1.1-3.7) | ||
| Southern | 6.5 (162) | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) | 0.6 (0.3-1.0) | ||
| Wealth index | < 0.0001 | 0.03 | |||
| Poorest | 14.5 (221) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Second | 16.3 (301) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 1.0 (0.7-2.8) | ||
| Middle | 17.0 (344) | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | ||
| Fourth | 10.2 (184) | 0.7 (0.5-0.8) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | ||
| Least poor | 2.7 (33) | 0.1 (0.09-0.2) | 0.4 (0.2-0.8) | ||
| Ethnicity | < 0.0001 | 0.001 | |||
| Other | 14.2 (658) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Bambara | 8.3 (152) | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | ||
| Peulh | 16.4 (180) | 1.2 (0.9-0.6) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | ||
| Sarkole | 10.2 (92) | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | ||
| Mother's education | < 0.0001 | 0.04 | |||
| None | 13.8 (1020) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Primary | 5.2 (52) | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) | ||
| Secondary | 1.8 (11) | 0.1 (0.07-0.2) | 0.3 (0.1-1.0) | ||
| Higher | 0 (0) | --- | --- | ||
| Partner's education | < 0.0001 | 0.05 | |||
| None | 14.0 (979) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Primary | 7.7 (59) | 0.5 (0.4-0.7) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | ||
| Secondary | 5.1 (26) | 0.3 (0.1-1.1) | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) | ||
| Higher | 0.7 (2) | 0.2 (0.1-0.6) | 0.2 (0.02-2.4) | ||
| Don't know | 3.5 (5) | 0.8 (0.3-2.6) | 0.3 (0.1-0.9) | ||
| Mother's occupation | < 0.0001 | 0.001 | |||
| Agriculture/manual labour | 14.4 (461) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Unemployed | 13.4 (520) | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) | ||
| Clerical, sales, services | 5.6 (93) | 0.4 (0.2-0.5) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | ||
| Professional | 0 (0) | --- | --- | ||
| Other | 52.5 (1) | 6.6 (0.6-78.1) | 23.0 (2.5-209.4) | ||
| Don't know | 3.5 (6) | 0.2 (0.1-0.9) | 0.3 (0.1-1.5) | ||
| Age | 0.07 | 0.06 | |||
| 15-19 | 14.9 (123) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 20-29 | 11.7 (514) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | ||
| 30-39 | 12.7 (351) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | ||
| 40-49 | 10.3 (95) | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | ||
| Residence | < 0.0001 | 0.1 | |||
| Rural | 15.2 (970) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Urban | 5.0 (113) | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 0.7 (0.5-1.1) | ||
| Religion | 0.06 | 0.3 | |||
| Muslim | 12.4 (1007) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Christian | 6.4 (21) | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) | 0.6 (0.3-1.2) | ||
| None | 11.2 (28) | 0.9 (0.5-1.7) | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) | ||
| Other | 15.2 (21) | 1.3 (0.7-2.1) | 1.3 (0.8-2.3) | ||
| Partner's occupation | 0.0004 | 0.7 | |||
| Agriculture/manual labour | 13.6 (884) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Clerical, sales, services | 8.4 (114) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | ||
| Professional | 7.8 (13) | 0.5 (0.1-2.8) | 1.8 (0.3-9.1) | ||
| Other | 12.2 (25) | 0.9 (0.5-1.5) | 1.0 (0.6-1.8) | ||
| Don't know | 3.4 (24) | 0.4 (0.2-0.8) | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) | ||
| Healthcare autonomy | 0.02 | 0.3 | |||
| Husband/partner only | 12.7 (850) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Respondent alone | 10.8 (100) | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | ||
| Respondent & husband | 8.8 (46) | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | ||
| Respondent & other | 5.0 (1) | 0.4 (0.05-2.6) | 0.8 (0.1-6.5) | ||
| Someone else | 11.7 (80) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | ||
| Other | 41.9 (5) | 5.0 (1.4-17.4) | 4.7 (1.1-20.2) | ||
| Age at first birth | 0.05 | 0.09 | |||
| 11-12 | 12.9 (17) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 13-19 | 12.7 (768) | 1.0 (0.5-1.8) | 1.2 (0.6-2.7) | ||
| 20-29 | 10.5 (280) | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) | 1.1 (0.5-2.3) | ||
| 30-39 | 20.3 (18) | 1.7 (0.7-4.0) | 2.3 (0.9-6.1) | ||
| 40-49 | 0 (0) | --- | --- | ||
| Household size | 0.04 | 0.1 | |||
| 1-5 | 13.1 (469) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 6-10 | 12.7 (496) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | ||
| 11+ | 9.2 (118) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) | ||