The vagus nerve inhibits systemic inflammation via β2-adrenoceptors. Adult male mice were treated with reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p.; A); fusaric acid (40 mg/kg i.p.; B); β-blocker, nadolol (NA; 15 mg/kg i.p.; C); β1-blocker, atenolol (AT; 15 mg/kg i.p.; D); β2-blocker, butoxamine (BU; 15 mg/kg i.p.; E); or β3-blocker, SR59230A (SR; 15 mg/kg i.p.; F), 30 min prior to VNS or sham surgery. Sham surgery or VNS was performed during 10 min before the LPS challenge. *P < 0.01 vs. LPS; 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's corrections (n=4).