Lesions of nucleus basalis cholinergic neurons with 192 IgG-saporin block the memory enhancement induced by posttraining infusions of norepinephrine into the basolateral amygdala. Intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine (0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 ng in 0.2 μl) immediately after inhibitory avoidance training produced a dose-dependent enhancement of 48-hour retention performance in sham-operated rats. Rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions did not show memory enhancement with norepinephrine infusions. Results represent retention latencies (mean + SEM) in seconds. ★, P < 0.05; ★ ★, P < 0.01 compared with the saline group; ❶, P < 0.05; ❶ ❶, P < 0.01 compared with the corresponding sham lesion group. From Power et al., 2002.