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. 2011 Dec 13;6(12):e28677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028677

Figure 3. NS1 expression by VACV mutants prevents apoptosis and rRNA degradation.

Figure 3

A. Morphological changes in HeLa cells mock-infected or infected with VACV, VVΔE3L and VVΔE3L/NS1 (5 PFU/cell). Cell morphology was examined at 16 h.p.i by phase-contrast microscopy. B. Time course of PARP-1 cleavage during VACV, VVΔE3L or VVΔE3L/NS1 infection. HeLa cells were mock-infected (MOCK) or infected with VACV, VVΔE3L or VVΔE3L/NS1 (5 PFU/cell). At the indicated times p.i. cells were harvested and total proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose and immunoblotted with anti-PARP-1 antibody. An 89 kDa PARP-1 cleavage product is observed at 24 h.p.i in VVΔE3L infected cells. The expression of VACV D13L and E3 and recombinant NS1 proteins was examined as control of viral infection. C. rRNA degradation. Total rRNA was isolated from HeLa cells mock-infected (MOCK) or infected with VACV, VVΔE3L or VVΔE3L/NS1 (5 PFU/cell) at indicated times p.i. Each sample was analyzed by electrophoresis and subsequent staining with ethidium bromide.