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. 2011 Dec 14;2:78. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00078

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Whole-body rotation, population responses of caudal FEF pursuit neurons and vertical eye velocity of juvenile monkeys. (A–C) Horizontal whole-body rotation and target motion were applied in a velocity step trajectory (top). (A) Plots de-saccaded and averaged eye velocity during smooth-pursuit (green), VOR cancelation (red), VOR ×1 (blue), and during whole-body rotation in complete darkness without a target (VORd, black). Arrow indicates the divergent point for eye velocity between VOR cancelation and ×1. (B) Averaged discharge rates of nine gaze-velocity neurons during VOR ×1 (blue), VOR cancelation (red), and VORd (black) and smooth-pursuit (green). (C) Plots difference in mean discharge rate between VOR cancelation and ×1 for nine gaze-velocity neurons (thick line) and nine eye/head-velocity neurons (thin line). Green trace in (C) shows that the discharge rate difference of gaze-velocity neurons (thick line) was well predicted by 0.45* smooth-pursuit responses, whereas pink trace in (C) shows that the discharge rate difference of eye/head-velocity neurons was predicted by −0.33* smooth-pursuit responses. (D) De-saccaded and averaged vertical eye velocity (mean ±SD) during downward smooth-pursuit (blue), upward mean ± SD eye velocity induced by downward whole-body rotation (VOR ×1, black), and by downward target motion and whole-body rotation (VOR cancelation, red). Green line is predicted eye velocity during VOR cancelation by addition of eye velocity during downward smooth-pursuit and VOR ×1 induced by downward rotation. (E) De-saccaded and averaged eye velocity (mean ± SD) during upward smooth-pursuit (blue), downward mean ± SD eye velocity induced by upward whole-body rotation (VOR ×1, black) and by upward target motion and whole-body rotation (VOR cancelation, red). Green lines are predicted eye velocity during VOR cancelation by addition of eye velocity during upward smooth-pursuit and VOR ×1 induced by upward rotation. In (E), eye velocity trace during smooth-pursuit (blue) and predicted eye velocity (green) is not continuous because of corrective saccades. Vel indicates velocity. (A–C) Modified from Akao et al. (2007a) with permission. (D–E) Modified from Akao et al. (2007b) with permission.