Figure 4. Numbers of surviving offspring (S_off) of species M (mammal-like) and D (dinosaur-like).

S_off is shown for different potential reproductive outputs (N_off) and different juvenile mortalities (M_off). Species D with the high reproductive output (N_off = 10, black solid line or N_off = 20, black scattered line) reacts more sensitively to changes in the juvenile mortality rate M_off in terms of the number of surviving offspring (S_off) than species M with the lower reproductive output (N_off = 1, grey scattered line or N_off = 2, grey solid line). The slopes for M_off against S_off are much shallower for species M than for species D. The circles mark the (M_off,S_off) pairs for which S_off equals one surviving offspring (for details see text).