Figure 2. Variation in seed retention time (
) that maximizes LDD events.
(A) 
for different values of 
. (B) 
at large distances. The symbol 
(e.g., 
) indicates the distance at which a seed dispersal kernel with 
(e.g., 
) begins to have more frequent long-distance dispersal events than a seed dispersal kernel with 
(e.g., 
). As 
, a larger variability in retention time (
), thus a larger kurtosis of seed dispersal kernel, leads to fatter seed dispersal tails beyond a threshold distance that increases with 
. (C) Optimum value of seed retention time that maximizes absolute LDD (
) (defined as the proportion of seeds falling beyond a threshold dispersal distance 
; also see Text S9). Here we employed two dimensional diffusion with 
and 
.