Table 2. Seed retention time data from the published literature.

Bird species	Plant species	# of seeds fed	Gut passage time	Kurtosis ()	Rank	Reference
Casuarius casuarius	Aceratium sericoleopsis	405		7.025	1	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Cryptocarya pleurosperma	55		5.967	2	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Davidsonia pruriens	79		4.793	3	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Elaeocarpus grandis	238		4.047	4	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Ficus crassipes	5730		3.440	5	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Normanbya normanbyi	100		2.227	6	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Acmena divaricata	4		2.098	7	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Endiandra longipedicillata	127		1.942	8	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Elaeocarpus largiflorens	341		1.546	9	[29]
Casuarius casuarius	Peripentadenia mearsii	333		1.439	10	[29]
Musophaga johnstoni	Syzygium parvifolium	46		1.222	11	[43]
Casuarius casuarius	Endiandra impressicosta	125		1.195	12	[29]
Musophaga johnstoni	Psychotria mahonii	4		0.795	13	[43]
Musophaga johnstoni	Maesa lanceolata	6		0.508	14	[43]
Musophaga johnstoni	Ekebergia capensis	9		0.386	15	[43]
Ceratogymna cylindricus	Enantia chlorantha	6		0.315	16	[44]
Musophaga johnstoni	Balthasarea schliebeni	3		0.167	17	[43]
Ceratogymna cylindricus	Maesopsis eminii	3		0.156	18	[44]
Musophaga johnstoni	Ilex mitis	4		0.119	19	[43]
Ceratogymna atrata	Cleistopholis patens	27		0.104	20	[44]
Ceratogymna cylindricus	Strombosia scheffleri	19		0.086	21	[44]
Ceratogymna atrata	Xylopia hypolampra	26		0.085	22	[44]
Ceratogymna cylindricus	Ficus sp.	23		0.079	23	[44]
Ceratogymna atrata	Staudtia stipitata	30		0.076	24	[44]
Ceratogymna atrata	Rauwolfia macrophylla	19		0.044	25	[44]
Ceratogymna cylindricus	Lannea sp.	20		0.044	26	[44]
Ceratogymna atrata	Maesopsis eminii	17		0.041	27	[44]
Ceratogymna cylindricus	Xylopia hypolampra	38		0.036	28	[44]
Ceratogymna cylindricus	Staudtia stipitata	22		0.015	29	[44]

All plant-animal interactions are ranked according to their predicted kurtosis, with a higher kurtosis indicating that the interaction is more likely to result in the long-distance dispersal of seeds belonging to the plant species. Gut passage times are expressed as mean () SD () (in minutes). Kurtoses are predicted values based on assumed two-dimensional random movement ().