Figure 6. Effects of maternal-treatments on the N (a) and water (b) responses of seedling biomass.

Data are mean±SE (n = 7). See Figure 1 for abbreviations. The seedlings were germinated by the seeds collected from the 4 maternal treatment plots (control, N addition, increased precipitation, and N addition plus increased precipitation) in the field and grown under the 4 offspring treatments (control, N addition, increased precipitation, and N addition plus increased precipitation) in the greenhouse. The N responses were calculated as the absolute difference (g plant⁻¹) in seedling biomass between with and without offspring N-addition. The water responses were calculated as the absolute difference in seedling biomass between the offspring ambient- and increased-precipitation.