. 2012 Jan;73(1):34–43. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.34

Table 2.

Univariate models showing regression coefficients, significance, and direction of effects for the relationships among risk factors, religion, and alcohol milestones

2a. Risk factors by alcohol milestones	Alcohol onset b	Intoxication b	Regular use b	Heavy use b	Alcohol dependence b
ADHD	0.52^***	0.30^**	0.04	0.35^***	0.66^***
ODD	0.34^*	0.30^**	0.39^***	0.46^***	0.76^***
CD	1.41^***	1.04***	0.94^***	0.92^***	1.48^***
MDD	0.53^***	0.34^***	0.45^***	0.59^***	1.00^***
Trauma	0.50^***	0.49^***	0.44^***	0.42^***	0.90^***
Parenting inconsistencies	0.46^***	0.29^***	0.26^***	0.35^***	0.44^***
Parent–child arguments	0.58^***	0.50^***	0.36^**	0.40^***	0.57^***
Parental divorce/separation	0.53^***	0.40^***	0.33^**	0.38^***	0.57^***

2b. Religion by alcohol milestones	Alcohol onset b	Intoxication b	Regular use b	Heavy use b	Alcohol dependence b
Motivation–devotion	−1.13^***	−0.97^***	−0.83^***	0.91^***	−0.44^***
Attendance weekly +	−1.62^***	−1.46^***	−1.09^***	1.26^***	−0.98^***
Existential well-being	−0.42^***	−0.38^***	−0.29^***	−0.37^***	−0.64^***
Religious rules	−0.50^***	−0.51^***	−0.54^***	−0.38^***	−0.06
Childhood religion	−0.80^***	−0.92^***	−0.86^***	−0.76^***	−0.07
Differentiating affiliation	−1.06^***	−0.97^***	−0.88^***	−0.82^***	−0.14
Accommodating affiliation	0.50***	0.18	0.25^*	0.16	−0.20
Catholic religion	0.90^***	0.92^***	0.81^***	0.71^***	0.13
No religion	0.61^***	0.55^***	0.37^***	0.38^***	0.22

2c. Religion by risk factors	ADHD b	ODD b	CD b	MDD b	Trauma b	Parenting inconsistencies b	Parent-child arguments b	Parental divorce/separation b
Motivation–devotion	−0.19	−0.22^*	−0.33^*	−0.042	−0.07	−0.38^***	−0.39^***	−0.22^**
Attendance weekly +	−0.32^**	−0.42^***	−0.55^***	−0.20*	−0.11	−0.44^***	−0.34^***	−0.41^***
Existential well-being	−0.66^***	−0.35^***	−0.42^***	−0.50^***	−0.29^***	−0.36^***	−0.43^***	−0.11
Religious rules	0.18	0.23^*	0.23	0.11	0.09	0.05	−0.08	0.11
Childhood religion	0.21^*	0.16	0.23	0.22^**	0.15^*	−0.29^***	−0.07	0.09
Differentiating affiliation	0.09	0.08	−0.07	0.07	0.07	−0.21^**	−0.17^*	−0.07
Accommodating affiliation	−0.48^**	−0.33^*	−0.73^**	−0.22	−0.23^*	−0.06	0.10	0.14
Catholic religion	−0.29^*	−0.31^*	−0.42^*	−0.24^***	−0.34^***	0.00	−0.13	−0.23^*
No religion	0.39^***	0.37^**	0.74^***	0.29^**	0.44^***	0.39^***	0.33^**	0.25^**

Notes: Significant tests are in bold. Each cell reflects a single univariate test; each univariate test is adjusted by parental education, family income, and child's age. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; CD = conduct disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder.

p ≤ .05;

^**

p ≤ .01;

^***

p ≤ .001.