Table 1.
Distribution of cohort baseline characteristics and Cox proportional hazard regression models for FIB-4 in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma, among 22,980 HIV-infected veterans from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Cox Regression Models | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N=112) N (%) |
No (N=22868) N (%) |
Age-and race-adjusted* HR(95% CI)† |
Multivariate-adjusted‡ HR(95% CI) |
||
| FIB-4 | Low (<1.45) | 17 (15%) | 12802 (56%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Intermediate(1.45–3.25) | 54 (48%) | 7543 (33%) | 4.2 (2.4,7.4) | 3.6 (2.1,6.4) | |
| High (>3.25) | 41 (37%) | 2523 (11%) | 13.0 (7.2,23.4) | 9.6 (5.2,17.4) | |
| Age | <35 | 3 (3%) | 2545 (11%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 35–39 | 8 (7%) | 3104 (14%) | 2.2 (0.6,8.5) | 1.5 (0.4,5.9) | |
| 40–44 | 14 (13%) | 4801 (21%) | 2.7 (0.8,9.3) | 1.2 (0.3,4.5) | |
| 45–49 | 37 (33%) | 5261 (23%) | 7.2 (2.2,23.5) | 2.9 (0.9,10.1) | |
| 50–54 | 21 (19%) | 3373 (15%) | 6.7 (2.0,22.7) | 2.6 (0.7,9.3) | |
| 55–59 | 16 (14%) | 1906 (8%) | 13.5 (3.9,46.5) | 5.2 (1.4,18.8) | |
| ≥60 | 13 (12%) | 1878 (8%) | 10.1 (2.9,35.7) | 4.0 (1.1,14.6) | |
| Race/ethnic group | Non-Hispanic white | 47 (42%) | 8253 (36%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 51 (46%) | 11722 (51%) | 0.9 (0.6,1.3) | 0.7 (0.4,1.0) | |
| Hispanic | 13 (12%) | 1748 (8%) | 1.1 (0.6,2.1) | 0.9 (0.5,1.8) | |
| Other/unknown | 1 (1%) | 1145 (5%) | 0.3 (0,2.4) | 0.3 (0,2.2) | |
| Enrollment year | 1996 | 49 (44%) | 6663 (29%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 1997–1999 | 32 (29%) | 6378 (28%) | 0.9 (0.6,1.4) | 0.9 (0.6,1.4) | |
| 2000–2002 | 22 (20%) | 4073 (18%) | 1.8 (1.0,3.1) | 2.0 (1.0,3.6) | |
| 2003–2005 | 7 (6%) | 4011 (18%) | 1.5 (0.6,3.6) | 1.4 (0.4,4.2) | |
| 2006–2007 | 2 (2%) | 1743 (8%) | 5.1 (1.0,25.5) | 5.0 (0.9,27.9) | |
| CD4 count (cells/μl) | ≥500 | 20 (18%) | 4667 (20%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 200–499 | 54 (48%) | 8348 (37%) | 1.3 (0.8,2.2) | 1.1 (0.7,1.9) | |
| <200 | 29 (26%) | 7730 (34%) | 1.0 (0.5,1.7) | 0.7 (0.4,1.3) | |
| Unknown | 9 (8%) | 2123 (9%) | 1.0 (0.5,2.3) | 1.1 (0.5,2.5) | |
| HIV-1 RNA copies/mL | <500 | 32 (29%) | 5265 (23%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| ≥500 | 69 (62%) | 15485 (68%) | 0.8 (0.5,1.3) | 0.8 (0.5,1.2) | |
| Unknown | 11 (10%) | 2118 (9%) | 0.8 (0.4,1.6) | 0.7 (0.3,1.5) | |
| Antiretroviral therapy use | No | 99 (88%) | 17774 (78%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Yes | 13 (12%) | 5094 (22%) | 1.7 (0.9,3.3) | 1.3 (0.6,3.1) | |
| Hepatitis B virus infection | Negative | 74 (66%) | 18226 (80%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Positive | 30 (27%) | 1412 (6%) | 5.9 (3.9,9.1) | 5.8 (3.7,9) | |
| Unknown | 8 (7%) | 3230 (14%) | 0.6 (0.3,1.2) | 0.9 (0.4,2.0) | |
| Hepatitis C virus infection | Negative | 35 (31%) | 12133 (53%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Positive | 65 (58%) | 6847 (30%) | 3.4 (2.2,5.2) | 2.9 (1.8,4.6) | |
| Unknown | 12 (11%) | 3888 (17%) | 0.7 (0.3,1.4) | 0.9 (0.4,2.0) | |
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | No | 89 (79%) | 18190 (80%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Yes | 23 (21%) | 4678 (20%) | 1.2 (0.8,2.0) | 0.9 (0.6,1.5) | |
| Diabetes | No | 105 (94%) | 21759 (95%) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Yes | 7 (6%) | 1109 (5%) | 2.1 (1.0,4.6) | 1.6 (0.7,3.5) | |
*
Race is age-adjusted and age is race-adjusted.
†
HR, hazard ratio;
CI, confidence interval.
‡
Adjusted for age, race/ethnic group, enrollment year, CD4 count, viral load, ART use, HBV and HCV infection, alcohol abuse/dependency, and diabetes