Table 2.

Summary of studies of lower extremity injuries and surgeries with incidences of DVT and PE

Study	Type of study	Number of patients	Injury type	DVT rate	PE rate	Venous thromboembolic disease	Study specifics
Current study	Retrospective	1172	Achilles tendon	0.43%	0.34%		Symptomatic patients
Lassen et al. [17]	Prospective	188	Leg fracture or ruptured Achilles tendon	19%	1.1%		All patients routinely screened for DVT
SooHoo et al. [23]	Retrospective	57,183	Ankle fractures	0.05%	0.34%		Readmission database
Felcher et al. [3]	Retrospective	7000	Foot and ankle surgery			0.30%
Mizel et al. [18]	Prospective	2733	Foot and ankle surgery	0.22%	0.15%
Wukich & Waters [24]	Retrospective	1000	Foot and ankle	0.4%	0.3%
Patil et al. [20]	Prospective	100	Nonoperative ankle fractures	5% (0% symptomatic)	0%		Routinely screened for DVT
Solis & Saxby [22]	Prospective	201	Foot and ankle surgery	3.5%			All patients routinely screened for DVT; no proximal DVT
Hanslow et al. [5]	Retrospective	602	Foot and ankle surgery			4%
Lapidus et al. [15]	Prospective	136	Ankle fracture surgery	28% (3% proximal)			Routinely screened for DVT
Kock et al. [13]	Prospective	163	Cast immobilization	4.3%
Jorgensen et al. [12]	Prospective	106	Leg immobilization	17%			Routinely screened for DVT

DVT = deep vein thrombosis; PE pulmonary embolism.