Table 3.
Magnitude of the Stroop interference and facilitation effects in Experiments 1–3.
| Input language | Interference (incongruent–control) |
Facilitation (control–congruent) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Output language |
Output language |
||||||
| German | English | Dutch | German | English | Dutch | ||
| Experiment 1, GED | German | 79 (12)*** | 74 (9)*** | 77 (7)*** | 30 (8)* | 7 (7) | 20 (6)¥ |
| English | 51 (7)*** | 72 (7)*** | 69 (8)*** | 3 (9) | 18 (7) | −26 (10) | |
| Dutch | 95 (13)*** | 77 (8)*** | 67 (10)*** | 18 (8) | 5 (7) | 26 (8)¥ | |
| 75 | 74 | 71 | 17 | 10 | 7 | ||
| Chinese | English | Malay | Chinese | English | Malay | ||
| Experiment 2, CEM | Chinese | 45 (9)** | 40 (11)¥ | 19 (12) | 28 (10)§ | −1 (7) | −19 (11) |
| English | 36 (9)* | 60 (10)*** | 67 (15)* | −11 (12) | 26 (8)¥ | −16 (12) | |
| Malay | 44 (11)* | 77 (12)*** | 88 (15)*** | 1 (14) | −9 (10) | 28 (11) | |
| 42 | 59 | 58 | 6 | 5 | −2 | ||
| Uyghur | Chinese | English | Uyghur | Chinese | English | ||
| Experiment 3, UCE | Uyghur | 81 (14)*** | 45 (12)* | 57 (18)¥ | 6 (7) | 5 (8) | −29 (12) |
| Chinese | 62 (16)* | 52 (11)** | 45 (12)* | −32 (10)¥ | 26 (12) | −4 (11) | |
| English | 63 (13)** | 50 (13)* | 91 (16)*** | −40 (10)* | −44 (13)¥ | 36 (8)* | |
| 69 | 49 | 64 | −22 | −4 | 1 | ||
Magnitudes are shown in milliseconds with SE in parentheses. Significant effects after Bonferroni corrections are indicated: §p < 0.10; ¥p < 0.05; *p < 0.01; **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001. GED, German–English–Dutch; CEM, Chinese–English–Malay; UCE, Uyghur–Chinese–English. A negative value for Stroop facilitation indicates that congruent condition was slower than the control condition.