Table 3.
Pregnancy outcomes following exposure to ACE/ARBs or other antihypertensives as compared to a healthy comparator group.
| Characteristic | ACE/ARB exposed (n = 139a) | Other antihypertensives (n = 112b) | Healthy nonexposed (n = 138) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fetal outcome | ||||
| Livebirth Spontaneous abortion Elective abortion Fetal death |
108 (77.7%) 25 (18.0%) 6 (4.3%) 0 |
105 (93.7%) 4 (8.9%) 0 3 (2.7%) |
120 (88.2%) 16 (11.8%) 0 0 |
<0.001 |
| Gestational age at birth (wks ± SD) | 37.6 ± 3.1 | 37.8 ± 2.8 | 39.6 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Delivery | ||||
| Vaginal Cesarean section |
62/108 (57.4%) 46/108 (42.6%) |
57/106 (53.8%) 49/106 (46.2%) |
83/120 (69.1%) 37/120 (30.8%) |
0.045 |
| Preterm delivery | ||||
| No Yes |
81/108 (75%) 27/108 (25%) |
79/105 (75.2%) 26/105 (24.8%) |
117/120 (97.5%) 3/120 (2.5%) |
<0.001 |
| Birth weight (grams ± SD) | 3225 ± 862 | 3063 ± 839 | 3511 ± 471 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 59 (54.6%) | 49 (46.6%) | 57 (47.5%) | 0.43 |
| Fetal malformations† | ||||
| Yes | 2/108 (1.8%) | 2/105 (1.9%) | 2/120 (1.6%) | 0.99 |
aIncluding 1 twin pregnancy.
bIncluding 2 twin pregnancies.
†Fetal malformations are reported as a proportion of liveborn (in the ACE/ARB group-1 choanal atresia and 1 hypospadias, in the other antihypertensives group-1 unspecified heart murmur and 1 undescended testicle, in the health unexposed group-1 Down's syndrome and 1 inguinal hernia).