TABLE 4.
Changes in anthropometric and body-fat variables from baseline to week 16 in the control and CaD-supplemented groups1
| Regular OJ |
Lite OJ |
Combined |
||||
| Variable | Control(n = 34) | CaD(n = 31) | Control(n = 31) | CaD(n = 35) | Control(n = 65) | CaD(n = 66) |
| Absolute body weight (kg) | −2.4 ± 3.52 | −2.2 ± 3.02 | −2.3 ± 2.9 | −2.9 ± 3.8 | −2.4 ± 3.2 | −2.5 ± 3.3 |
| Body weight (%) | −3.1 ± 4.4 | −2.5 ± 3.2 | −3.3 ± 3.8 | −3.9 ± 4.7 | −3.1 ± 4.0 | −3.2 ± 4.1 |
| Absolute BMI (kg/m2) | −0.94 ± 1.37 | −0.80 ± 0.99 | −1.1 ± 1.1 | −1.3 ± 1.5 | −1.0 ± 1.0 | −1.1 ± 1.3 |
| Absolute waist circumference (cm) | −2.2 ± 4.1 | −2.2 ± 3.8 | −2.8 ± 2.8 | −3.7 ± 4.2 | −2.4 ± 3.6 | −3.0 ± 4.1 |
| Total abdominal fat (cm2) | −19.5 ± 58.3 | −32.3 ± 44.1 | −31.6 ± 41.8 | −41.9 ± 61.0 | −25.3 ± 51.0 | −37.6 ± 54.0 |
| SAT (cm2) | −18.3 ± 48.4 | −19.6 ± 34.3 | −25.3 ± 31.6 | −28.8 ± 50.9 | −21.6 ± 41.1 | −24.8 ± 44.1 |
| VAT (cm2) | −1.3 ± 13.6 | −12.7 ± 25.0*,2 | −6.4 ± 17.5 | −13.1 ± 18.43 | −3.7 ± 15.7 | −12.9 ± 21.8** |
| VAT (%) | −4 ± 19 | −9 ± 13 | −5 ± 20 | −16 ± 18* | −5 ± 19 | −13 ± 16* |
All values are means ± SDs. Changes in the anthropometric and body-fat variables between the control and experimental groups over time were made by using unadjusted, independent-sample, 2-sided t tests. *,**Significantly different from the control value: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. CaD, calcium and vitamin D; lite, reduced energy; OJ, orange juice; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
ANCOVA was used to adjust for baseline total abdominal fat in the regular OJ trial. Differences in change in body weight were not significant (adjusted P = 0.755), and differences in the change in VAT remained significant (adjusted P = 0.02).
ANCOVA was used to adjust for baseline VAT in the Lite OJ trial. Differences in the change in VAT were significant (P = 0.039).