TABLE 5.
Changes in biochemical variables from baseline to week 16 in the control and CaD-supplemented groups1
| Regular OJ |
Lite OJ |
Combined |
||||
| Variable | Control(n = 34) | CaD(n = 31) | Control(n = 31) | CaD(n = 35) | Control(n = 65) | CaD(n = 66) |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 0.3 ± 10.1 | 4.9 ± 15.0 | −7.0 ± 14.4 | 2.1 ± 11.7** | −3.1 ± 12.7 | 3.4 ± 13.3** |
| Change in 25(OH)D (%) | 3 ± 42 | 34 ± 75* | −14 ± 41 | 11 ± 40* | −5 ± 42 | 22 ± 60** |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | −0.5 ± 0.34 | −0.1 ± 0.4 | −0.01 ± 0.3 | −0.05 ± 0.4 | −0.03 ± 0.3 | 0.02 ± 0.4 |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 9.5 ± 11.0 | 7.5 ± 12.8 | 4.6 ± 12.6 | 5.5 ± 12.2 | 7.2 ± 11.9 | 6.5 ± 12.4 |
| TSH (μU/mL) | 0.4 ± 1.5 | −0.2 ± 1.2 | 0.12 ± 1.02 | 0 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 1.31 | −0.07 ± 1.0 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 0.6 ± 7.8 | 0.8 ± 11.4 | 1.4 ± 12.4 | 0.03 ± 4.3 | 1.0 ± 10.1 | 0.4 ± 9.4 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 0.09 ± 3.6 | 0.2 ± 4.6 | 4.3 ± 23.9 | −0.3 ± 24.3 | 2.0 ± 16.4 | −0.5 ± 4.4 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | −2.0 ± 24.4 | −10.7 ± 10.0 | −5.9 ± 29.5 | −3.5 ± 24.2 | −3.8 ± 26.7 | −6.9 ± 27.6 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | −1.7 ± 7.9 | −2.9 ± 10.0 | −4.9 ± 11.5 | −0.3 ± 8.1 | −3.2 ± 9.8 | −1.5 ± 9.0 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 3.0 ± 44.5 | −5.0 ± 27.9 | −9.2 ± 36.1 | −14.1 ± 36.4 | −2.6 ± 41.0 | −9.8 ± 32.7 |
1
All values are means ± SDs. Changes in biochemical variables between the control and experimental groups over time were made by using unadjusted, independent-samples, 2-sided t tests. *,**Significantly different from the control value: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. CaD, calcium and vitamin D; lite, reduced energy; OJ, orange juice; PTH, parathyroid hormone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.