Table 1.
Cytokine-targeting agents and their clinical trials in SLE
| Cytokine target | Therapeutic agent | Stage of clinical trial | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | Tocilizumab | Phase I | [24] |
| TNFα | Infliximab, etanercept | Phase I; phase II and III trials terminated prematurely | [53-55] |
| IFNα | Sifalimumab (MEDI-545), rontalizumab (rhuMab) | Phase I; phase II ongoing | [102,103] |
| BLyS | Belimumab | Phase III completed | [115-121] |
| A-623 | Phase I; phase II suspended/restarted | [123] | |
| LY2127399 | Phase III planned | [125] | |
| BLyS and APRIL | Atacicept | Phase II/III initiated | [122] |