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HMGB1-IL-1β complexes do not utilise TLR4 signalling for induction of cytokine production. Synovial fibroblasts were incubated with detoxified LPS one to two hours prior to stimulation with HMGB1-IL-1β complexes. Detoxified LPS did not inhibit the HMGB1-IL-1β complex-mediated cytokine production (pooled data SF n = 4). Data were analysed using Mann Whitney test.
