Table 3.
Professionals' knowledge, practice, and attitudes at baseline and follow-up for intervention and control group.
| Intervention | Control | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | Baseline N = 891 |
Follow-up N = 931 |
p-value† | Baseline N = 1331 |
Follow-up N = 1231 |
p-value† |
| 1. Does your unit have a complaints procedure for users? (% yes) | 47.7% | 51.6% | 0.601 | 66.7% | 74.0% | 0.202 |
| 5. Have you heard or read anything about consumer involvement and participation in the provision of mental health services? (% yes) | 91.0% | 91.3% | 0.945 | 88.6% | 95.0% | 0.065* |
| 8a. Does your unit solicit input from users for the planning of mental health services? (% yes) | 69.7% | 64.5% | 0.460 | 74.2% | 71.3% | 0.600 |
| 8b. # Does your unit solicit input from user organisation for the planning of mental health services? (% yes) | 47.2% | 52.2% | 0.503 | 36.4% | 52.5% | 0.010** |
| 9. Does your unit routinely conduct user satisfaction service on the service it offers? (% yes) | 34.1% | 34.4% | 0.964 | 37.9% | 44.3% | 0.301 |
| 10. Are users involved in the hiring decisions of your unit's staff? (% yes) | 0% | 0% | 1.00 | 0% | 2.5% | 0.070* |
| 11. Are users invited to participate in staff training meetings at your agency? (% yes) | 3.4% | 21.7% | 0.000** | 6.8% | 15.6% | 0.026** |
| 12. Has your unit ever asked users to act as teachers at staff training events? (% yes) | 7.9% | 15.1% | 0.129 | 16.8% | 26.2% | 0.067* |
| 13. Does your unit sponsor events/forums that educate users about their rights and entitlements? (% yes) | 37.1% | 44.1% | 0.336 | 61.1% | 59.0% | 0.739 |
| 21. # Does the unit have a users' committee? (% yes) | 28.1% | 39.1% | 0.116 | 56.5% | 54.5% | 0.746 |
| 22. # Does the unit have representatives or spokespersons on behalf of the users? (% yes) | 22.5% | 31.5% | 0.171 | 51.9% | 53.3% | 0.827 |
| Practice | ||||||
| 3. Are users told they have a right to see and/or correct their records? (% yes) | 58.4% | 71.1% | 0.076* | 58.3% | 62.3% | 0.519 |
| 4. Are users informed about the facts about confidentiality and privacy regarding information contained in those records? (% yes) | 79.8% | 81.5% | 0.766 | 84.8% | 89.4% | 0.276 |
| 7. Do you tell users what goals are intended to be accomplished by the treatment? (% yes) | 81.2% | 89.8% | 0.108 | 89.1% | 95.9% | 0.041** |
| 25. # Do you have enough time to ensure users' participation? (Yes) | 59.3% | 60.9% | 0.826 | 67.8% | 69.1% | 0.827 |
| 26. # In your opinion, are next of kin in general sufficiently involved? (% yes) | 30.1% | 28.6% | 0.826 | 25.2% | 33.9% | 0.137 |
| 27. # How would you describe the collaboration with next of kin in general?(% very good/quite good) | 44.6% | 49.5% | 0.520 | 42.3% | 46.7% | 0.481 |
| 28. # Do you inform users about relevant self-help groups and user organisations? (% yes) | 85.4% | 77.9% | 0.213 | 78.4% | 82.6% | 0.412 |
| Attitudes | ||||||
|
6. In most cases, where does the responsibility for deciding the goals of treatment usually lie? (% entirely/mostly the user) |
6.8% | 12.9% | 0.172 | 12.0% | 7.3% | 0.204 |
| 14. Should users be involved in the evaluation of their presenting problems? (% always/usually) | 87.5% | 95.6% | 0.050** | 90.0% | 94.3% | 0.211 |
| 14a. Should users be involved in the diagnosis of their presenting problems? (% always/usually) | 80.9% | 84.8% | 0.488 | 66.4% | 72.4% | 0.305 |
| 15. In your opinion, should users contribute to the writing of their notes and records? (% yes) | 43.7% | 41.6% | 0.778 | 42.5% | 38.0% | 0.470 |
| 16. In your opinion, should users be involved in the planning of their own treatment? (% yes) | 97.7% | 98.9% | 0.528 | 97.0% | 100% | 0.052* |
| 17. How would mental health service change if users were employed by that service? (% improve) | 71.6% | 65.5% | 0.396 | 56.2% | 63.7% | 0.241 |
| 19. How would mental health service change if users were involved in the planning and/or delivery of those services? (% improve) | 90.7% | 84.6% | 0.220 | 81.7% | 83.9% | 0.656 |
| 23. # How would you describe the unit's general attitude towards user participation? (% quite good/very good) | 32.2% | 42.4% | 0.158 | 61.8% | 64.5% | 0.665 |
| 24. # In your opinion, do users understand the information you give about their illnesses and treatment opportunities? (% yes) | 98.8% | 95.1% | 0.182 | 95.9% | 96.6% | 0.783 |
| 18. In your opinion, what are the most important reasons when users of mental health care don't want to be involved? | ||||||
| - Too vulnerable (% yes) | 36.0% | 37.6% | 0.814 | 42.9% | 39.8% | 0.624 |
| - Lacking in self-confidence (% yes) | 59.6% | 39.8% | 0.008** | 60.2% | 52.0% | 0.191 |
| - Lacking in ability or knowledge (% yes) | 12.4% | 9.7% | 0.563 | 14.3% | 17.9% | 0.433 |
| - Lacking in motivation (% yes) | 51.7% | 38.7% | 0.079* | 42.1% | 43.9% | 0.772 |
| - Lack of trust in the ability of the services to provide help (% yes) | 38.2% | 28.0% | 0.142 | 24.8% | 25.2% | 0.942 |
| - Not wanting to have any further contact after getting better (% yes) | 44.9% | 40.9% | 0.578 | 37.6% | 39.0% | 0.814 |
| - Other reasons (% yes) | 16.9% | 7.5% | 0.054* | 18.0% | 17.1% | 0.838 |
| 20. In your opinion, if users were involved in planning and/or carrying out the mental health service, how would the service develop? | ||||||
| - Upgrading of services and delivery (% yes) | 73.0% | 65.6% | 0.277 | 56.4% | 59.3% | 0.632 |
| - Less burnout and stress for providers of those services (% yes) | 11.2% | 12.9% | 0.730 | 9.0% | 10.6% | 0.677 |
| - More chance that users would benefit from those services the first time round (% yes) | 86.5% | 75.3% | 0.054* | 71.4% | 71.5% | 0.984 |
| - Less chance of the "revolving door" syndrome, where users keep returning with the hope of finding help (% yes) | 27.0% | 30.1% | 0.639 | 27.1% | 22.0% | 0.342 |
| - Downgrading of services and delivery (% yes) | 1.1% | 4.3% | 0.190 | 5.3% | 4.9% | 0.888 |
| - More burnout and stress for the providers of those services (% yes) | 3.4% | 7.5% | 0.219 | 6.8% | 6.5% | 0.933 |
| - That users would only be regarded as tokens by the professionals (% yes) | 9.0% | 10.8% | 0.690 | 7.5% | 6.5% | 0.751 |
| - That users would not understand the language used, and therefore find it difficult to give any input (% yes) | 3.4% | 4.3% | 0.744 | 8.3% | 9.8% | 0.678 |
| - Other developments (% yes) | 7.9% | 7.5% | 0.932 | 9.0% | 5.7% | 0.310 |
Proportions and test of difference within each group. Numbers are percentages of total N for each sample.
1 N is the no of participants who returned completed questionnaires. The N in the four samples varied for each question due to missing answers on the variables (0%-11%).
# Questions marked # were added to the Consumer Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) in this study.
* p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05,
† p-value calculated using Pearson's chi square test.