Figure 2.

LPS-induced phagocytosis is mediated by IL-1β signaling. (A) Representative photomicrographs illustrate the inhibitory effect of IL-1β, or LPS+ATP alone or with co-treatment with IL-1ra. (B) LPS (100 ng/ml) and ATP (1 mM) co-administration significantly induced bead phagocytosis. This effect was prevented by IL-1ra application (150 ng/ml) suggesting involvement of IL-1β. Direct application of IL-1β (1.5 ng/ml) increased phagocytosis and was completely inhibited by IL-1ra. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3-5) and as a percentage of control (***p < 0.001, using Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison Test). Scale bar 10 μm.