Table 1.

Reporter genes and corresponding probes for in vivo imaging.

Reporter genes	Mechanism	Imaging agents	Imaging	References
Cytosine deaminase	Deamination	5-[19F]fluorocytosine	MRS	[50]
HSV1-tk	Phosphorylation	[131I]FIAU, [131I]FIAU	SPECT, gamma camera	[51, 52]
		[124I]FIAU	PET	[53]
		[123/125I]FIAU	Gamma camera	[54]
		[14C]GCV, [3H]GCV	Autoradiography	[55, 56]
		[18F]GCV	PET	[57, 58]
		[18F]PCV	PET	[14]
		[18F]FHPG	PET	[59, 60]
		[18F]FHBG	PET	[12]
HSV1-sr39tk	Phosphorylation	[18F]PCV, [18F]FHBG	PET	[10, 12, 61, 62]
D2R	Receptor-ligand	[18F]FESP	PET	[13]
Mutant D2R	Receptor-ligand	[18F]FESP	PET	[11]
Somatostatin receptor	Affinity binding	[111In]DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide	Gamma camera	[63]
		[64Cu]-TETA-octreotide	Tissue dose counting	[64]
		[188Re]-somatostatin analogue, 99mTc somatostatin analogue	Gamma camera	[65, 66, 67]
Na/I symporter	Active transport	[131I], [123I]	Gamma camera	[24, 30, 68]
		PET		[69]
Luciferase	Luciferin reaction	Bioluminescence	CCD camera	[41, 70]
Cathepsin D	Quenched fluorochromes	Fluorescence activation	CCD camera	[71]
Metalloproteinase	Quenched fluorochromes	Fluorescence activation	CCD camera	[72]
β-galactosidase	Hydrolysis of β-glycoside bond	EgadMe	MRI	[73]
Mutated transferrin receptor	Receptor-ligand	Tf-MION	MRI	[40, 74]
Creatine kinase	Dephosphorylation	Phosphocreatine	MRS	[75]
Arginine kinase	Dephosphorylation	Phosphoarginine	MRS	[76]