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Key features of gene therapy viral vectors.
| Viral vectors | Integration | Long-term gene expression | Immune response | Comments |
| Adenovirus | − | − | + | Broad tropism, easy to produce high titre stocks, widely characterised in vivo |
| Adeno-associated virus (AAV) | + | + | − | Limited cloning capacity, nonpathogenic, integrate randomly in the absence of the rep gene |
| Lentivirus | + | + | − | Retrovirus-derived, pseudotyping with heterologous coat proteins improves biosafety |
| Retrovirus | + | + | − | Only infects dividing cells |
