Table 1.
Selected characteristics (mean (SD), n (%)) of participants at the start of follow-up according to 1/ use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use 2/ route of estrogen administration 3/ association of progestagen, as recorded at the end of the follow-up. E3N-EPIC study, France (1993–2007, n=63,624)
| 1- MHT use
|
2- Route of estrogen administration
|
3- Type of MHT
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | Ever | Oral | Transdermal/ Cutaneous | Other/ unknown | Estrogen alone | Estrogen + progestagen | Other / unknown | |
| N | 18230 | 45394 | 11263 | 25740 | 8391 | 4656 | 30905 | 9833 |
| Age at start of follow-up, y | 57.1 (5.5) | 54.8 (4.7)a | 53.6 (4.1) | 54.5 (4.3) b | 57.1 (5.4) | 54.8 (5.1) | 54 (4.1) c | 56.9 (5.4) |
| Age at menopause, y | 50.7 (3.9) | 50.1 (3.7) a | 50.2 (3.6) | 50.2 (3.5) | 49.7 (4.4) | 49.4 (4.4) | 50.3 (3.3) c | 49.8 (4.4) |
| University degree (%) | 6000 (32.9%) | 16465 (36.3%) a | 4427 (39.3%) | 9182 (35.7%) b | 2856 (34.0%) | 1440 (30.9%) | 11632 (37.6%) c | 3393 (34.5%) |
| Age at menarche ≥13 y, % | 9833 (53.9%) | 24478 (53.9%) | 6075 (53.9%) | 13816 (53.7%) | 4587 (54.7%) | 2380 (51.1%) | 16720 (54.1%) c | 5378 (54.7%) |
| Parous, % | 2600 (14.3%) | 4912 (10.8%) a | 1121 (10%) | 2743 (10.7%) b | 1048 (12.5%) | 543 (11.7%) | 3161 (10.2%) c | 1208 (12.3%) |
| Parent with diabetes, % | 5341 (29.3%) | 10597 (23.3%) a | 2537 (22.5%) | 5964 (23.2%) | 2096 (25%) | 1144 (24.6%) | 7073 (22.9%) c | 2380 (24.2%) |
| Smoker, % | 5282 (29%) | 14536 (32%) a | 3778 (33.5%) | 8120 (31.5%) b | 2638 (31.4%) | 1469 (31.6%) | 9964 (32.2%) c | 3103 (31.6%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 (3.8) | 22.9 (3.1) a | 22.7 (3.0) | 23.0 (3.1) b | 23.1 (3.1) | 23.4 (3.4) | 22.8 (3.0) c | 23.1 (3.1) |
| Breastfeeding >12 mo | 1254 (6.9%) | 2026 (4.5%) a | 432 (3.8%) | 1113 (4.3%) b | 481 (5.7%) | 213 (4.6%) | 1268 (4.1%) | 545 (5.5%) |
| Cholesterol >2g/l, % | 7604 (41.7%) | 20734 (45.7%) a | 4382 (38.9%) | 11997 (46.6%) b | 4355 (51.9%) | 2216 (47.6%) | 13518 (43.7%) c | 5000 (50.8%) |
| Hypertension, % | 2006 (11.0%) | 4031 (8.9%) a | 703 (6.2%) | 2398 (9.3%) b | 930 (11.1%) | 493 (10.6%) | 2484 (8.0%) c | 1054 (10.7%) |
| Physical activity (MET-h/wk) | 41.1 (28.9) | 39.8 (27.3) a | 39 (26.8) | 39.8 (27.3) b | 41 (28.1) | 40.5 (27.9) | 39.3 (27.0) c | 40.9 (27.8) |
| Alcool intake (g/day) | 10.5 (14.1) | 11.5 (14.1) a | 11.9 (14.5) | 11.4 (13.9) b | 11.2 (14) | 10.9 (13.5) | 11.6 (14.2) c | 11.3 (14.1) |
| Energy intake (kJ/day) | 8931 (2423) | 9051 (2362) a | 9077 (2342) | 9069 (2362) | 8958 (2386) | 9065 (2364) | 9071 (2359) | 8981 (2369) |
a
Significantly different from MHT never-users (P < 0.05);
b
Significantly different from oral route of estrogen administration (P < 0.05);
c
Significantly different from estrogen alone (P < 0.05);
d
A total of 8,863 women had missing data for this variable;
e
A total of 26,536 women had missing data for this variable;
f
Metabolic equivalent cost-hour/week.