Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 16.
Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2009 Jul 23;52(10):2092–2100. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1456-y

Table 3.

Hazard ratios [95% CI] for new-onset diabetes according to route of estrogen administration and type of progestagena, compared with MHT never-use, in the E3N-EPIC Study, France (1993–2007, n=63,624).

Oral Estrogen Cutaneous Estrogen p-value for homogeneity among routes of estrogen treatment
cases / totalb HR [95% CI] cases / totalb HR [95% CI]
Model 1c
 Estrogen aloned 16 / 796 0.75 [0.44 – 1.28] 72 / 3856 0.87 [0.67 – 1.13] 0.62
 Estrogen combined with:
  Progesterone 4 / 674 -e 112 / 7725 0.77 [0.62 – 0.97] -
  Dydrogesterone 10 / 1571 0.62 [0.33 – 1.16] 86 / 4455 0.93 [0.72 – 1.19] 0.23
  Medroxyprogesterone acetate 22 / 1453 0.85 [0.55 – 1.33] 3 / 85 -e -
  Cyproterone acetate 12 / 1527 0.50 [0.26 – 0.97] 2 / 159 -e -
  Chlormadinone acetate 5 / 424 0.49 [0.16 – 1.53] 28 / 1748 0.95 [0.63 – 1.42] 0.28
  Medrogestone 2 / 272 -e 24 / 1167 1.20 [0.78 – 1.85] -
  Nomegestrol acetate 12 / 627 1.07 [0.57 – 2.02] 56 / 3272 0.97 [0.72 – 1.30] 0.76
  Promegestone 13 / 805 0.98 [0.53 – 1.78] 37 / 2676 0.81 [0.57 – 1.15] 0.58
  Norethisterone acetate 17 / 2199 0.48 [0.28 – 0.81] 0 / 25 -e -
  P-value for homogeneity among progestagens 0.35 0.57
Model 2f
 Estrogen alone 16 / 796 0.68 [0.40 – 1.17] 72 / 3856 0.80 [0.61 – 1.04] 0.59
 Estrogen combined with:
  Progesterone 4 / 674 -e 112 / 7725 0.67 [0.54 – 0.84] -
  Dydrogesterone 10 / 1571 0.58 [0.31 – 1.09] 86 / 4455 0.84 [0.66 – 1.08] 0.27
  Medroxyprogesterone acetate 22 / 1453 0.77 [0.50 – 1.20] 3 / 85 -e -
  Cyproterone acetate 12 / 1527 0.44 [0.23 – 0.85] 2 / 159 -e -
  Chlormadinone acetate 5 / 424 0.45 [0.14 – 1.40] 28 / 1748 0.86 [0.57 – 1.29] 0.29
  Medrogestone 2 / 272 -e 24 / 1167 1.01 [0.66 – 1.56] -
  Nomegestrol acetate 12 / 627 0.95 [0.51 – 1.78] 56 / 3272 0.88 [0.66 – 1.18] 0.83
  Promegestone 13 / 805 0.89 [0.49 – 1.63] 37 / 2676 0.72 [0.51 – 1.03] 0.54
  Norethisterone acetate 17 / 2199 0.44 [0.26 – 0.75] 0 / 25 -e -
  P-value for homogeneity among progestagens 0.37 0.47
a

corresponding to the MHT used for the greatest length of time);

b

The number of cases and total of women do not add up to the totals as data are not tabulated for weak estrogens (43 diabetes cases / 2376 total women), and other (intramusculary administered estrogen or progestogen; androgen; nasally administered estrogen; transdermally administered progestagen; or tibolone) or unknown MHT (126 diabetes cases / 7457 total women);

c

Model 1: adjusted for the same covariates as model 1 in Table 2;

d

Conjugated equine estrogens were only marginally used by women in our cohort (0.7%), so separate estimates for conjugated equine estrogens and estradiol compounds are not provided;

e

Data are not presented as there are fewer than five cases in this MHT category;

f

Model 2: Model 1 with adjustment for BMI (<22 / [22–25[ / [25–27[ / [27–30[ / ≥30 kg/m2) as a time-dependent variable.