Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Evol Biol. 2011 Oct 24;25(1):38–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02401.x

Table 5.

ANOVA and Welch’s t- test results comparing body size and developmental rates of Cephaloleia placida reared on native and novel host plants.

Beetle species Traits Sample size DF Statistic1 P
R. alpinia (Native) A. purpurata (Novel) H. coronarium (Novel)
Cephaloleia placida (Specialist)
Length (mm)
 Newborn larvae 272 220 240 2 F = 0.71 0.4893
 Larvae instar 1 109 49 82 2 F = 179.45 < 0.0001
 Larvae instar 2 39 39 63 2 F = 98.78 < 0.0001
 Pupae 91 26 9 2 F = 45.40 < 0.0001
 Adults 70 14 -- 1 t = −2.54 0.021
Weight (mg)
 Pupae 91 26 9 2 F = 36.89 < 0.0001
 Adults 70 14 -- 1 t = −3.96 < 0.0001
Development time (d)
 Time as a larva 91 26 9 2 F = 72.92 < 0.0001
 Time as a pupa 71 14 -- 1 t = 0.01 0.922
1

F statistic provided for ANOVA tests exploring differences among three hosts. t statistics provided for Welch’s t-tests exploring

differences between two host plants.