Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants by status of ocular fundus examination.
| Any ocular fundus pathology | Retinopathy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 2037) | No (n = 7607) | P value | Yes (n = 1670) | P value* | |
| Age (year) | 67.9 ± 11.4 | 48.8 ± 14.7 | <0.001 | 69.2 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 67.2 | 59.8 | <0.001 | 68.3 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | <0.001 | 25.2 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 60.0 | 23.3 | <0.001 | 63.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 20.2 | 7.3 | <0.001 | 21.5 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 14.4 | 3.3 | <0.001 | 15.7 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.56 | 1.34 ± 0.3 | 0.57 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 0.02 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.02 |
| Plasma UA (mg/dL) | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 1.5 | <0.001 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 81.9 ± 15.3 | 98.0 ± 16.2 | <0.001 | 81.0 ± 14.6 | <0.001 |
| eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2 (%) | 9.1 | 2.3 | <0.001 | 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 14.8 | 10.2 | <0.001 | 15.6 | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 21.0 | 11.9 | <0.001 | 21.7 | <0.001 |
* Compared with participants without any ocular fundus pathology.
BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; UA, uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.