Table 2.
The association between indicators of kidney damage with ocular fundus pathology.
| eGFR ((mL/min/1.73m2) | Proteinuria | CKD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥90 | 60-89 | <60 | |||
| Any ocular fundus pathology | |||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Reference | 5.18 (4.64-5.77) | 9.12 (7.30-11.38) | 1.53 (1.33-1.77) | 1.96 (1.73-2.23) |
| Age-, sex- adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.03 (0.89-1.19) | 1.26 (0.96-1.65) | 1.45 (1.22-1.73) | 1.36 (1.17-1.59) |
| Fully adjusted OR (95% CI)* | Reference | 0.97 (0.84-1.13) | 1.07 (0.79-1.45) | 1.29 (1.07-1.55) | 1.18 (0.99-1.41) |
| Retinopathy | |||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Reference | 5.87 (5.20-6.62) | 7.76 (7.77-12.45) | 1.63 (1.40-1.90) | 2.05 (1.79-2.34) |
| Age-, sex- adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.96 (0.82-1.12) | 1.05 (0.78-1.40) | 1.55 (1.28-1.87) | 1.38 (1.17-1.64) |
| Fully adjusted OR (95% CI)* | Reference | 0.91 (0.77-1.07) | 0.92 (0.66-1.27) | 1.37 (1.12-1.67) | 1.19 (0.98-1.44) |
* Covariates included in the fully adjusted models were: age (continuous), sex, BMI (<18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-27.0, ≥27.0; kg/m2), hypertension (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), history of CVD (yes/no)), plasma uric acid (continuous).
The number of participants with any ocular fundus pathology and retinopathy was 2037 and 1670, respectively.
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.