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Reasons for the difficulty in making an accurate diagnosis based on a biopsy specimen. Cancer sometimes exists focally in the lesion and sampling error might occur (A); the structural atypia of both adenoma and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma is too subtle for small biopsy specimen. Moreover, regeneration of atypia induced by gastritis induces histological modification (B). LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.
