. 2012 Jan;35(1):9–21. doi: 10.1179/2045772311Y.0000000042

Table 5.

Etiological factors contributing to fracture risk in paediatric patients with spina bifida

1.	Personal history of spontaneous fracture⁴
2.	Non-ambulatory status^4,10
3.	Higher level of neurological involvement^1,4,10,14,15
4.	Physical inactivity (e.g. postoperative inactivity)^{1,3,4,6,10,13,15,16,18,20–22}
5.	Contractures¹⁴
6.	Hypercalciuria¹¹
7.	Higher body fat levels¹¹