Representative CUPE synthesis schematic. The monomers citric acid and various aliphatic diols (4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 methylene units in length) underwent condensation polymerization to produce hydroxyl group capped pre-poly(diol citrates). Next, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate was used to extend the pre-poly(diol citrates) to produce pre-CUPE. Pre-CUPE can be post-polymerized to obtain a crosslinked polyester network.