SDS–PAGE of zein proteins stained with Coomassie brilliant blue (A). 1, normal B73 endosperm; 2, opaque endosperm recovered from a self-cross of (B73 × W22 o7-ref) progenies; 3, W22 normal endosperm; 4, W22 opaque endosperm. Reduction in the 19-kDa levels is observed in both backgrounds, with the 18-kDa protein being visible in sample 2 as a result of this (the 18-kDa zein protein is not translated in W22) (Wu et al. 2009). (B) Carbohydrates account for >70% in both normal and mutant kernels, whereas the lipid and protein content is slightly decreased in the mutant.