Fig. 1.

VPS mutants have virulence and colonization defects when ingested by Drosophila from LB broth. (A) Survival over time of flies fed LB alone or inoculated with WT V. cholerae, a ΔvpsA mutant or a ΔvpsAΔvpsL mutant. By log-rank analysis, survival of WT V. cholerae is significantly different from the ΔvpsA or ΔvpsAΔvpsL mutants (P < 0.0001). (B) Bacterial load of flies fed WT V. cholerae or a ΔvpsA mutant. The ΔvpsA mutant is impaired for colonization after 48 h compared with WT V. cholerae (P = 0.0360; Mann–Whitney U test).